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P.O. Box 22, Cleveland, GA 30528
Ph: (732) 833 - 7825 Fax: (706) 219-3573
Email: WOH@wingsofhope-nj.com
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Proventricular Dilatation Disease
Bird Paradise June 10, 2006
Dr. Branson W. Ritchie, DVM, Ph.D, Dipl. ABVP - Avian, Dipl. ECAMS
Bird Paradise June 10, 2006
Dr. Branson W. Ritchie, DVM, Ph.D, Dipl. ABVP - Avian, Dipl. ECAMS
Proventricular Dilatation Disease
| • | First reported in the late 1970s |
| • | Epornities in US, Canada, and Europe |
| • | Over 50 species of Psittacines susceptible |
PDD Not just for Psittacines Anymore
| • | Free-ranging Geese |
| • | Free-ranging and Captive Spoonbills |
| • | Toucans |
| • | Finches/Canaries |
| • | Honey Creeper |
Symptoms
| • | Emaciation |
| • | Regurgitation |
| • | Passing undigested or poorly digested foods |
| • | Ataxia, seizures, paresis |
Diagnostic Aids
| • | Contrast Radiographs for GI Dilatation and Slowed Emptying Time |
Proventricular Dilatation
| • | Its not PDD until your pathologist gives you a histologic diagnosis of Lymphoplasmacytic Ganglioneuritis |
| • | Crop or Proventricular Biopsy for Antemortem Diagnosis |
| • | Take an eraser sized biopsy that includes blood vessels |
Diagnostic Aids
Lymphoplasmacytic Ganglionitis
IS diagnostic
NOT
Lymphoplasmacytic Enteritis
Lymphoplasmacytic Ingluvitis
IS diagnostic
NOT
Lymphoplasmacytic Enteritis
Lymphoplasmacytic Ingluvitis
Proventricular Dilatation Disease
| • | Bacterial Gastroenteritis |
| • | Fungal Gastroenteritis |
| • | Any Intra or Extraluminal mass ex: Leather impaction |
80 n m Enveloped Particles Recovered from Naturally & Experimentally Infected Birds
Suspect viral nucleic acid sequence bound to cells adjacent to inflammed areas of the brain!
Virus-like particles inside cell from area that was probe positive!
Assay performed well in research birds, but was problematic in field trials!
2001, established 2 breeding pairs of cockatiels
| • | in pair A the cock was PDD positive |
| • | in pair B the hen was PDD positive |
Data derived from natural and experimental PDD transmission
| • | Intriguing |
| • | Informative |
Concerning with respect to the number of birds that are sub-clinically infected, and presumably shedding the PDD agent!
PAIR A
PAIR A
| • | Raised by Donor Aviculturist |
| • | Male hatched in 96 |
| • | Female hatched in 97 |
| • | Normal clutches from 1999 to mid 2001 |
Severity of Histologic Lesions MAY NOT Correlate with Disease Progression or Prognosis
Cock minimal focal LP Ganglionitis in 2001
Died in January, 2004
Hen Severe multifocal LP Ganglionitis in 2001
Still stable and reproducing
PAIR A (PDD positive cock)
Produced 5 fertile eggs
Cock minimal focal LP Ganglionitis in 2001
Died in January, 2004
Hen Severe multifocal LP Ganglionitis in 2001
Still stable and reproducing
PAIR A (PDD positive cock)
Produced 5 fertile eggs
| • | 2 dead in shell and 3 hatched |
| • | Attempted experimental transmission in chicks |
| • | Inoculated chicks intraorally, intranasally, intraocularly, and intramuscularly with tissue homogenates from PDD positive birds |
Approximately 10 weeks after first inoculation
One chick was depressed, developed progressive ataxia and was euthanized
One chick was depressed, developed progressive ataxia and was euthanized
| • | bird died from bacterial septicemia |
Thought provoking findings?
| • | Chick was PDD negative even though it was raised by a PDD cock! |
| • | PDD reported in a 28 day old chick Yet this cockatiel was negative at ~ 80 days old |
| • | In Our Adult Transmission Studies, we have documented incubation period of 10 days to 3 months |
Findings support our theory that many infected birds remain sub-clinical, develop an immune response and clear the virus!
| • | Used 3.5mm magnifying loops to make skin incision over left lateral crop with 20 g needle |
| • | 5-0 PDS Suture passed at cranial edge of biopsy site |
| • | consistent vascular plexus was site of each biopsy |
Out of 12 chicks
| • | 1 chick died from sepsis PDD negative despite being produced and raised by PDD + cock |
| • | 3 chicks died from PDD 2 naturally-acquired and 1 experimentally-infected |
| • | 3 chicks clinically normal and PDD + |
| • | 1 chick clinically normal with Igluvitis |
| • | 1 chick clinically diseased that is crop biopsy neg. |
| • | 1 chick with weight loss that is PDD + |
Review of Important Clinical Data
| • | Confirmed disease transmission in control setting |
| • | Transmission and disease progression unpredictable even with intimate/prolonged contact |
| • | Gastric Motility (Radiography) may not correlate with histologic changes in crop, particularly during sub-clinical phase of disease |
| • | Histologic lesions in the crop may be segmental and multiple step sections maybe be necessary to confirm a diagnosis |
Isolate, dont euthanize exposed sub-clinical birds
Prevent Transmission
| • | Fresh air and sunlight |
Treatment
| • | Birds with GI form can survive for years when provided easily digested diets |
| • | Isolate positive birds |
| • | Birds improve when treated with Interferon, Antibiotics, Antifungals & Antiinflammatories |
| • | Several antivirals improve condition experimentally, but danger of resistance given that mammals may be susceptible |
Dr. Ritchie earns a salary from the University of Georgia, but ALL his funding is PRIVATELY funded! So for his research to continue, and for us to find a cure for PDD, it's important that everyone continues to donate.
Ways to Give to Dr. Ritchie's PDD Research
Ways to Give to Dr. Ritchie's PDD Research
1) Contribute to Avian Health Network
| • | The UGA administrative costs associated with donating any amounts are the same. So it is advantageous to contribute through Avian Health Network because they make several large contributions annually therefore maximizing the amount that actually goes to Dr. Ritchie for research. |
2) You can donate to his PDD research online (please remember #1)
| • | Go to www.vet.uga.edu |
| • | click on "How to give to the College of Veterinary Medicine" |
| • | "Make a Gift Online" |
| • | under Account, look for "Ritchie-Companion Animal Emerging Disease Fund" |
3) You can write a check (please remember #1)
| • | Make the check payable to the "Arch Foundation" (the Arch Foundation of the official fundraising arm of UGA) |
| • | make sure under For on check: you put |
| • | "Ritchie-Companion Animal Disease-Bird" so that the money goes to Dr. Ritchie |
4) Donate in honor of someone/some animal or as a memorial
Example:
In memory of Fido,
Companion Dog of
Mr & Mrs. John Jones
456 Their Street
Great Town, MD 12345
In memory of Fido,
Companion Dog of
Mr & Mrs. John Jones
456 Their Street
Great Town, MD 12345
5) Auto Bank Draft or Regular Credit Card Gifts
| • | For monthly gifts deducted from your checking account our your credit card |
| • | Complete form noting Ritchie-Companion Animal Emerging Disease Research Fund |
| • | Mail To Kathy Bangel (address at end) http://www.alumni.uga.edu/gafund/bankdraft3.pdf |
| • | minimum of $25 |
(transcribed by a volunteer of Wings of Hope from photos of Dr. Ritchie's slides)
Permission given by Dr. Ritchie to do this.
Permission given by Dr. Ritchie to do this.